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Dispersion in estuaries and coastal waters
Lewis, R.; Lewis, R. (1997). Dispersion in estuaries and coastal waters. John Wiley and Sons: Chichester. ISBN 0-471-96162-0. xvi, 312 pp.
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| Trefwoorden |
Disciplines > Physics > Mechanics > Dynamics
Dispersion
Hydrographic features > Physiographic features > Estuaries
Mixing processes
Motion > Fluid motion > Fluid flow > Stratified flow
Oceanography
Oceanography > Aquatic environment > Marine areas
Statistics
Surface water
Water bodies > Coastal waters > Coastal landforms > Coastal inlets > Estuaries
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| Author keywords |
Stratified systems; Shear dispersion; Homogeneous flow; Diffusion/Turbulence; Diffusie/Turbulente; Well-mixed systems |
| Abstract |
The prediction of the mixing of a substance in the sea is far from easy. The perception of the nature of mixing in coastal waters and in estuaries has changed over the years, and new experimental findings continue to alter this perspective. However, the need to quantify mixing processes in the marine environment remains, and it is essential that anyone beginning on an investigation of mixing in tidalwaters should have a feel for the present understanding of the fundamental factors affecting mixing.Because the marine environment is so variable, it is not possible to dictate exactly which experimental procedure and analysisis should be followed for a given problem. Therefore, this book is not an instruction manual - it describes the present understanding of the processes which affect the mixing and dispersion of substances in estuaries and coastal waters, so that future investigations can be undertaken with a knowledge of the possible influencing factors. To provide a sound basis for understanding the mechanisms observed in the sea, the first three chapters cover some of the relevant aspects of fluid mechanics, taking into consideration the effects of stratification. It is important for the reader to have some background in the ways in which turbulence is related to the spreading of a substance and this 'classical' approach is given in Chapter 4. The focus of the book is dispersion, the mechanism in which the combined influence of turbulence and spatial variations in the mean velocity enhances the process of dilution. As this mechanism is so fundamental, Chapter 5 gives a relatively detailed description of the theory used to take account of dispersion at particular stages of the mixing process; perhaps the most useful aspect is the latter part of the chapter which illustrates how the rate of spreading of a substance under given conditions of velocity shear and vertical mixing can be quantified in terms of a dispersion coefficient. It would not be practicable to give details on all types of model available for estimating dilution in the sea - Chapter 6 provides an overview so that the reader is aware of the range of models and of the underlying simplifying assumptions, which all models have because they only approximate the complexity of the real world. Experimental investigation is almost certain to be required, particularly in new areas, and Chapter 7 outlines some of the methods used to study dispersion an analyse the data. The last three chapters describe some of the findings, reported in the literature, of investigations of processes in estuaries and coastal waters which have relevance to the mixing of materials; broadly, these studies are divided into results in well-mixed, stratified an partially mixed conditions. It is important that the reader has, at least, a general knowledge about processes because some of them are likely to be active in the region being studied. A relatively detailed index is provided so that the reader can readily find the key points on a particular topic. |
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