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Het OWA, het open archief van het Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium heeft tot doel alle vrij toegankelijke onderzoeksresultaten van dit instituut in digitale vorm aan te bieden. Op die manier wil het de zichtbaarheid, verspreiding en gebruik van deze onderzoeksresultaten, alsook de wetenschappelijke communicatie maximaal bevorderen.

Dit archief wordt uitgebouwd en beheerd volgens de principes van de Open Access Movement, en het daaruit ontstane Open Archives Initiative.

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Global carbon budget 2021 Friedlingstein, P.; Jones, M.W.; O'Sullivan, M.; Andrew, R.M.; Bakker, D.C.E.; Hauck, J.; Le Quéré, C.; Peters, G.P.; Peters, W.; Pongratz, J.; Sitch, S.; Canadell, J.G.; Ciais, P.; Jackson, R.B.; Alin, S.R.; Anthoni, P.; Bates, N.R.; Becker, M.; Bellouin, N.; Bopp, L.; Trang Chau, T.T.; Chevallier, F.; Chini, L.P.; Cronin, M.; Currie, K.I.; Decharme, B.; Djeutchouang, L.M.; Dou, X.; Evans, W.; Feely, R.A.; Feng, L.; Gasser, T.; Gilfillan, D.; Gkritzalis, T.; Grassi, G.; Gregor, L.; Gruber, N.; Gürses, Ö.; Harris, I.; Houghton, R.A.; Hurtt, G.C.; Iida, Y.; Ilyina, T.; Luijkx, I.T.; Jain, A.; Jones, S.D.; Kato, E.; Kennedy, D.; Goldewijk, K.K.; Knauer, J.; Korsbakken, J.I.; Kortzinger, A.; Landschützer, P.; Lauvset, S.K.; Lefèvre, N.; Lienert, S.; Liu, J.; Marland, G.; McGuire, P.C.; Melton, J.R.; Munro, D.R.; Nabel, J.E.M.S.; Nakaoka, S.; Niwa, Y.; Ono, T.; Pierrot, D.; Poulter, B.; Rehder, G.; Resplandy, L.; Robertson, E.; Rödenbeck, C.; Rosan, T.M.; Schwinger, J.; Schwingshackl, C.; Séférian, R.; Sutton, A.J.; Sweeney, C.; Tanhua, T.; Tans, P.P.; Tian, H.; Tilbrook, B.; Tubiello, F.; van der Werf, G.R.; Vuichard, N.; Wada, C.; Wanninkhof, R.; Watson, A.J.; Willis, D.; Wiltshire, A.J.; Yuan, W.; Yue, C.; Yue, X.; Zaehle, S.; Zeng, J. (2022). Global carbon budget 2021. ESSD 14(4): 1917-2005. https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022 In: Earth System Science Data. Copernicus: Göttingen. ISSN 1866-3508; e-ISSN 1866-3516, meer

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Beschikbaar in	Auteurs
VLIZ: Open access 377803 [ download pdf ]

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Auteurs		Top
Friedlingstein, P. Jones, M.W. O'Sullivan, M. Andrew, R.M. Bakker, D.C.E. Hauck, J. Le Quéré, C. Peters, G.P. Peters, W. Pongratz, J. Sitch, S. Canadell, J.G. Ciais, P. Jackson, R.B. Alin, S.R. Anthoni, P. Bates, N.R. Becker, M. Bellouin, N. Bopp, L. Trang Chau, T.T. Chevallier, F. Chini, L.P. Cronin, M. Currie, K.I. Decharme, B. Djeutchouang, L.M. Dou, X. Evans, W. Feely, R.A. Feng, L. Gasser, T.	Gilfillan, D. Gkritzalis, T., meer Grassi, G. Gregor, L. Gruber, N. Gürses, Ö. Harris, I. Houghton, R.A. Hurtt, G.C. Iida, Y. Ilyina, T. Luijkx, I.T. Jain, A. Jones, S.D. Kato, E. Kennedy, D. Goldewijk, K.K. Knauer, J. Korsbakken, J.I. Kortzinger, A. Landschützer, P., meer Lauvset, S.K. Lefèvre, N. Lienert, S. Liu, J. Marland, G. McGuire, P.C. Melton, J.R. Munro, D.R. Nabel, J.E.M.S. Nakaoka, S.	Niwa, Y. Ono, T. Pierrot, D. Poulter, B. Rehder, G. Resplandy, L. Robertson, E. Rödenbeck, C. Rosan, T.M. Schwinger, J. Schwingshackl, C. Séférian, R. Sutton, A.J. Sweeney, C. Tanhua, T. Tans, P.P. Tian, H. Tilbrook, B. Tubiello, F. van der Werf, G.R. Vuichard, N. Wada, C. Wanninkhof, R. Watson, A.J. Willis, D. Wiltshire, A.J. Yuan, W. Yue, C. Yue, X. Zaehle, S. Zeng, J.

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Abstract

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize datasets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (EFOS) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land use and land-use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly, and its growth rate (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) is estimated with global ocean biogeochemistry models and observation-based data products. The terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) is estimated with dynamic global vegetation models. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ. For the first time, an approach is shown to reconcile the difference in our ELUC estimate with the one from national greenhouse gas inventories, supporting the assessment of collective countries' climate progress.

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